Kwenzekani Kulesi Sizinda Sasendulo Semivubukulo e-Italy Njengokuzamazama Komhlaba NgoJuni Okuhlanu Kulimaza Isakhiwo Sase-Pompeii Yasendulo

NgoLwesithathu, Juni 11, 2025

Kwenzekani manje kule ndawo yasendulo yokuvubukula e-Italy? Ukuzamazama komhlaba okwenzeka ngoJuni Wesihlanu kulimaze isakhiwo somlando sasendulo sasePompeii. Ukushuba kuyenyuka. Kuthule uthuli. Lokhu kuzamazama komhlaba kushukumise ngaphezu kwetshe—kuvusa ukwesaba. Ingabe lesi sizindalwazi singaqhubeka nokuwohloka? Qhubeka ufunda ukuze wembule iqiniso elembulekayo.

I-Italy isiphinde yanyakaziswa. Ngo-June Wesihlanu, ukuzamazama komhlaba kwagadla eduze kwaseNaples, futhi ukuzamazama kwafinyelela ekujuleni komlando—kwalimaza indawo yasendulo yasePompeii. Lesi akusona nje esinye isenzakalo sokuzamazama komhlaba. Lokhu kuzamazama komhlaba e-Italy kushiye izibazi kwelinye lamagugu omlando abaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni. Indawo eyonakele e-Pompeii ike yawa ngaphambili, kodwa kulokhu, ukushaqeka okufike ngesikhathi sohambo oluhamba phambili. Izivakashi zaziseduze.

Izikhulu zenze ngokushesha. Noma kunjalo, izakhiwo zasendulo zaqhekeka, futhi ingxenye yale ndawo entekenteke yashabalala. Njengoba i-Italy izamazama kulokhu kuzamazama komhlaba, kuphakama imibuzo: Mubi kangakanani umonakalo? Kungenzeka yini ukundindizela okwengeziwe? Ingabe iPompeii isengozini enkulu kunangaphambili? Usongo lungokoqobo, imizwa iluhlaza, futhi iqiniso liyadumaza. Qhubeka ufunda ukuze uthole lokho okwenzeka ngaphansi kwe-Italy—nokuthi kusho ukuthini ngePompeii, ezokuvakasha, nokuphepha kwenye yezindawo zakudala ezivakashelwa kakhulu emhlabeni.

I-Pompeii Yasendulo Eshaywe Ukuzamazama Komhlaba: Ukuwa Kwesakhiwo Kuvusa I-alamu Yezokuvakasha Eduze ne-Super Volcano yase-Italy

Umcebo wase-Italy odume umhlaba wonke wemivubukulo, i-Pompeii, usuphinde wazamazama—manje hhayi ngenxa yolaka lwasendulo lwentaba-mlilo, kodwa ngenxa yokuzamazama komhlaba kwanamuhla okunemiphumela eyingozi kakhulu.

NgoLwesine, ukuzamazama okungama-3.2 magnitude kuhlasele isifunda esiseduze Naples, okwakamuva ochungechungeni olukhathazayo lokuzamazama komhlaba okuvela emhlabeni jikelele I-Campi Flegrei super volcano. Lesi sigameko sokuzamazama komhlaba sibangele udonga kanye nosilingi ovalekile ngaphakathi kwe-Pompeii ukuze kudilike kancane, okubangela ukushaqeka—kokubili okungokoqobo nokungokomfanekiso—ngomkhakha wezokuvakasha namasiko wase-Italy.

Akekho olimele, futhi akukho zinto zobuciko ezingenakubuyiseleka noma amafresco alahlekile. Nokho lesi sigameko siyisikhumbuzo esiqinile sokuthi ngisho nezindawo zomlando ezihlala njalo zingaba ntekenteke kanjani lapho kubhekene nokungaqiniseki kwemvelo.

Isiza Esakhelwe Emlandweni—Nokuguquguquka

I-Pompeii ayiyona inqaba ekubhujisweni. Wangcwatshwa ngaphansi komlotha wentaba-mlilo ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kwenhlekelele INtaba iVesuvius ngo-79 AD, idolobha laseRoma elake laphithizela lahlala lingcwatshwe amakhulu eminyaka. Lapho itholwa kabusha, yanikeza isithombe esingenakuqhathaniswa sempilo yasendulo—imizi elondoloziwe, amathempeli, izimakethe, nemifanekiso esabekayo yezakhamuzi ezabanjwa zibaleka.

Manje, le ndawo ye-UNESCO World Heritage Site—idlulela phambili Ama-acre angu-170-udonsa ngaphezu Izivakashi ezingu-2.5 million ngonyaka, okuyenza ibe enye yezindawo ezivakashelwa kakhulu e-Italy.

Kepha njengoba umhlaba uzamazama futhi ngaphansi kwawo, ochwepheshe nababambe iqhaza kwezokuvakasha bayaphoqeleka ukuthi babhekane nombuzo ongakhululekile: Ingabe okwedlule kukaPompeii sekuzoziphinda?

Usongo Olusha Oluvela Ngezansi

Ngokungafani neVesuvius, ehlala igadwe njalo, i Izindawo ze-Phlegraean i-caldera ibeka uhlobo oluhlukile lokusongela. Kuwuhlelo olukhulu, olungaphansi komhlaba lwentaba-mlilo olusabalele emadolobheni ambalwa asentshonalanga yeNaples. Nakuba ivame ukusibekela umakhelwane wayo odume kakhulu, i-Campi Flegrei iye yabonisa izimpawu ezikhulayo zezinxushunxushu eminyakeni yamuva—ukuphakama komhlabathi, ukukhishwa kwegesi, nokundindizela okunesilinganiso esiphansi njalo.

Lokhu kuzamazama kwakamuva, nakuba kuthathwa njengokuncane, kuyisixwayiso sakamuva kakhulu. Izingxenye ezibhidlikile zasePompeii zazike zonakaliswe ngaphambili phakathi nalesi sibhicongo Ngo-1980 ukuzamazama komhlaba e-Irpinia, okwabangela ukucekelwa phansi komhlaba wonke eningizimu ye-Italy. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ukubuyisela okuningi bekulokhu kuqhubeka—kodwa ngokusobala, umsebenzi wokulondoloza iPompeii usesekude ukuphela.

Kusho Ukuthini Lokhu Kwezokuvakasha

Lezi zindaba bezingeke zifike ngesikhathi esibi kakhulu. Njengoba uhambo lwasehlobo lushuba kulo lonke elaseYurophu, Izimpawu zomhlaba zamasiko zase-Italy zisebenza ngokugcwele, namashumi ezinkulungwane zezivakashi ezigelezela ezindaweni zamagugu nsuku zonke.

Umonakalo wakamuva we-Pompeii ungase ubonakale umncane ephepheni, kodwa umthelela omubi wokuzethemba kwezokuvakasha ungaba mkhulu. Ama-opharetha okuvakasha asevele afaka imibuzo ethintekayo. Amafemu omshwalense wokuhamba abuyekeza izinqubomgomo. Futhi abalondolozi bezamasiko baphinde bakhuthaza ukulungela izinhlekelele okuqinile kuzo zonke izindawo zomlando zase-Italy.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziphathimandla zendawo kufanele manje zicabangele ukuthi ukufinyelela ezindaweni ezisengozini enkulu yesayithi kufanele kukhawulelwe yini—okungase kunciphise ulwazi olugcwele olulindelwe abahambi.

Ukulinganisa Ukulondolozwa Nokufinyelela

I-Italy kudala yahamba umugqa obucayi phakathi ukuvikela amagugu ayo asendulo nokwenza ukuthi zifinyeleleke kubabukeli bomhlaba wonke. IPompeii iyisibonelo socwaningo kukho kokubili ukunqoba kanye nenhlekelele yezokuvakasha kwamasiko. Nakuba iletha imali ebalulekile kanye nokunakwa komhlaba wonke, zonke izinyathelo, ukukhanya kwekhamera, nokushintshashintsha komhlaba kunengozi.

Ukuzamazama kwakamuva kungenzeka kusheshise izinhlelo zokwenza ubuchwepheshe bokuqapha kube besimanje, kuqiniswe izakhiwo ezindala, futhi kwandise izinqubo zokubhekana nezimo eziphuthumayo. Kodwa-ke, njengoba izehlakalo zokuzamazama komhlaba ziba kaningi, ingcindezi iyanda ukuze kuthathwe isinyathelo esisheshayo nesiphelele.

I-Super Volcano, Ukukhathazeka Okukhulu

Okwenza lesi sigameko sibe mnandi kakhulu wukusondelana kwe Izindawo ze-Phlegraean-intaba-mlilo enkulu enedumela phakathi kwezazi zentaba-mlilo njengenye yezindawo ezingaba yingozi kakhulu eMhlabeni. Nakuba ukuqhuma kungabhekwa njengokuseduze, ukwanda kokuzamazama komhlaba nezixwayiso zesayensi zamuva nje ziningi onqenqemeni.

Lokhu kwengeza ungqimba olusha lobunkimbinkimbi kubahambi abavakashela isifunda saseNaples. Ngale kwe-Pompeii, izindawo eziseduze ezifana ne-Herculaneum, i-Mount Vesuvius, kanye ne-Amalfi Coast zonke zihlala ezindaweni ezingathinteka yinoma yimuphi umsebenzi omkhulu wentaba-mlilo.

Ngenxa yalokho, izikhungo zezokuvakasha namabhodi ezokuvakasha esifunda kungase kudingeke ukuthi zibuyekeze imilayezo yokuphepha, zakhe ukuqwashisa umphakathi, futhi zibe namandla okulungisa amasu okumaketha ukuze kubhekwane namaqiniso amasha.

Umthelela Wemizwelo

Kubahambi abaningi, ukuvakashela ePompeii kuyinto eyenzeka kanye ekuphileni—uhambo olungokomzwelo oluya empucukweni eqhwa ngesikhathi. Ukubona ngisho nengxenye yayo idilika ngaphansi kwengcindezi yesimanje yokuzamazama komhlaba kuzwakala kudumaza kakhulu.

Futhi kubantu bendawo, le ndawo akuwona nje uzibuthe wezivakashi—iwuphawu lokukhuthazela, umlando, kanye nobuwena. Ukubuka amatshe ayo asendulo ewa futhi kuyisikhumbuzo esibuhlungu sokuthi akukho lutho, ngisho nomlando, ongenalo isikhathi noma imvelo.

Ngibheke phambili

Imboni yezokuvakasha yase-Italy manje kufanele yenze izinqumo zamasu. Ukuwa kwe-Pompeii ingxenye kufanele kusebenze njengocingo lokuvusa—hhayi nje kwabalondolozi bemvelo, kodwa kubo bonke ababambiqhaza abaxhumene nohambo lwamagugu.

Ukuthi lokho kusho ukwethula izikhala zezivakashi ezinesikhathi, ukusebenzisa okwangempela okungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona ukuze kuncishiswe ithrafikhi yonyawo lomzimba, noma ukwandisa izinketho zokuvakasha ezibonakalayo, into eyodwa icacile: ukuphambana kwezindlela zokuhamba nokulondolozwa sekufinyelele eqophelweni elibucayi.

Abahambi basamukelekile—kodwa futhi kumelwe babe abaphathi.

Njengoba umhlaba uqhubeka uguquguquka ngaphansi kwale ndawo engcwele, umhlaba kufanele unqume ukuthi ungayivikela kanjani kangcono—ezivakashini zanamuhla nasezizukulwaneni zakusasa.